All procedures involved in the study were explained in detail to volunteers, and written informed consent was obtained prior to entering the study. Twenty-two generally healthy South Korean women aged between 30 and 49 years were selected from volunteers. The trial protocol was approved by the institutional review board of Kyung Hee University Skin Biotechnology Center. The clinical study was performed in accordance with the International Committee on Harmonisation Good Clinical Practice guidelines and the revised version of the Declaration of Helsinki. For use in this study, bee-venom facial serum at a concentration of 0.006% bee venom was formulated. Honeybee-venom serum was manufactured by using the approved materials of the International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and formulated by following the instructions of the manufacturer, Dong Sung Pharmaceutical Co Ltd (Seoul, South Korea). Purified bee venom was lyophilized by freeze-drying and refrigerated at 4☌ for later use. The collected venom was diluted in cold sterile water and then centrifuged at 10,000 g for 5 minutes at 4☌ to discard residues from the supernatant. In brief, the bee-venom collector was placed on the hive, and the bees were given enough electric shocks to cause them to sting a glass plate, from which dried bee venom was later scraped off. Bee venom was collected with a bee-venom collector (Chungjin Biotech, Ansan, South Korea) in a sterile manner under strict laboratory conditions. mellifera L.) used in this study were maintained at NAAS. Experimental colonies of natural honey bees ( A. Purified bee-venom collection and manufacture of bee-venom serumĪll experimental procedures used in the present study were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee at the National Academy of Agricultural Science (NAAS), South Korea. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the antiwrinkle effects of topical application of bee-venom serum. However, there has been little research into the antiwrinkle effects of bee venom-containing cosmetics in humans. Honeybee-venom serum was developed as a cosmeceutical for reducing the wrinkle formation associated with the aging process. 5 In addition, purified bee venom from Apis mellifera has been applied for skin conditions due to its antimicrobial properties. 3 This traditional medicine has also been used for other diseases like cancer 4 and even for Parkinson’s disease. Given the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of bee venom, various forms of bee-venom therapy have been used for rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, multiple therapeutic applications for bee venom have been developed for certain disorders. Many ingredients have been added to these cosmeceuticals, and honeybee venom is one of them. 2 The desire for the improvement of aging skin has resulted in a large volume of products to improve the appearance of skin. 1 Reduction of collagen production subsequently causes the decrease of skin elasticity and collapse of fibroblasts to result in wrinkle formation.Ĭosmeceuticals are skin-care products that cater for both cosmetics and drugs. The characteristics of the aging process are the result of epidermal thinning, atypia of keratinocytes, and collagen degradation, which can be attributed to increased synthesis of collagenase. While chronic sun exposure, especially to ultraviolet (UV) rays, is the dominant extrinsic aging cause, the passage of time is the main intrinsic aging factor. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to skin aging via collagen alteration. In individuals predisposed to develop allergic disease, the sequence of sensitization and clinical manifestations proceed as follows: eczema and respiratory disease (rhinitis and bronchospasm) in infants and children less than 5 years due to food sensitivity (milk, egg, soy, and wheat proteins) followed by respiratory disease (rhinitis and asthma) in older children and adults due to sensitivity to inhalant allergens (dust mite, mold, and pollen inhalants).As the largest organ in the human body, the skin undergoes an aging process like all the other organs in the body. The allergens chosen for testing often depend upon the age of the patient, history of allergen exposure, season of the year, and clinical manifestations. In vitro serum testing for IgE antibodies provides an indication of the immune response to allergens that may be associated with allergic disease. Clinical manifestations of immediate hypersensitivity (allergic) diseases are caused by the release of proinflammatory mediators (histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins) from IgE-sensitized effector cells (mast cells and basophils) when cell-bound IgE antibodies interact with an allergen.
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